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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法�？贾R(shí)講解
語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它用來(lái)表示句中主語(yǔ)同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)， 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者。例如：
I have repaired the radio.
我修好了收音機(jī)。
The radio has been repaired.
收音機(jī)被修好了。
The students cleaned the classroom.
學(xué)生們打掃了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室被學(xué)生們打掃了。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：
be + 過(guò)去分詞
A building was damaged by the storm.
暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了一座建筑物。
Our plate was made in China.
我們的盤(pán)子是中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的。
My bike was stolen.
我的自行車(chē)被盜了。
常用的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化如下，以 ask 為例：
一般 進(jìn)行 完成
現(xiàn)在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked
過(guò)去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked
將來(lái)I shall be asked, I shall have been asked
過(guò)去將來(lái)I shall be asked
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疑問(wèn)句是把助動(dòng)詞提前到句首。
Has your TV set been repaired?
你的電視機(jī)修了嗎?
Was the kite broken?
風(fēng)箏破了嗎?
Has the work been done?
工作結(jié)束了嗎?
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在助動(dòng)詞后面加 not.
The letter has not been sent out.
信還沒(méi)有發(fā)出去。
The little boy has not been found out.
小孩還沒(méi)有找到。
The cap has not been mended yet.
帽子還沒(méi)有補(bǔ)好。
Their money has not been sent to them.
他們的錢(qián)還沒(méi)有送到他們手中。
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